Appendix 2: INSTRUCTION SET REFERENCE

The following lists the instruction set of the Rubato machine and a brief description of what each instruction does. The following semantic functions may prove useful in decoding the descriptions

push(a)

pushes the value a onto the expression stack

pop(a)

pops the topmost value of the expression stack onto the variable a

contents(a)

contents of the location in the data store pointed by address a

deref(m,n)

dereferences (get the address of) the object addressed by pair m,n

write(a,n)

writes n to the location in the data store pointed by address a

INSTRUCTION

DESCRIPTION

nop

No Operation, does not do anything

halt

Halts execution of a program on the Rubato machine

wait

Wait for child VIEUs to die before continuing

vieu n

Create a new VIEU to execute at address n

vieus

pop(n); create a new VIEU to execute at address n

alloc n

Allocate n objects on the current environment stack

push n

push(n)

pushi n

push(contents(n))

pusha m,n

push(deref(m,n))

pushv m,n

push(contents(deref(m,n)))

pushe

Creates a new environment record

pop

pop(a), i. e., the value a is ignored

popi a

pop(n); write(a,n)

popis

pop(a); pop(n); write(a,n)

popv m,n

pop(v); write(deref(m,n),v)

pope

Destroys environment record

jump a

jump to address a on the code store

jumps

pop(a); jump to address a on the code store

jumpt a

pop(f) jump to address a on the code store if f <> 0

jumpts

pop(a); pop(f); jump to address a on the code store if f <> 0

jumpf a

pop(f) jump to address a on the code store if f == 0

jumpfs

pop(a); pop(f); jump to address a on the code store if f == 0

jsub a

call subroutine at address a

jsubs

pop(a); call subroutine at address a

subret

return from subroutine

call m,n

(do a procedure or function call) pop(a); for i = 1 to n do pop(arg[i]); destroys m environment records; create new activation stack; jump to address a

ret

return from procedure

retf n

return from function with value n

retfs

pop(n); return from function with value n

tempo n

set tempo of current VIEU to n

tempos

pop(n); set tempo of current VIEU to n

note n

play a note with pitch n

notes

pop(n); play a note with pitch n

chord n

play a chord with pitch n

chords

pop(n); play a chord with pitch n

delay n

Set next note delay register to n

delays

pop(n); Set next note delay register to n

vel n

Set next note velocity register to n

vels

pop(n); Set next note velocity register to n

dur n

Set next note duration register to n

durs

pop(n); Set next note duration register to n

pres n

Set next note pressure register to n

press

pop(n); Set next note pressure register to n

patch n

Set next note patch register to n

patchs

pop(n); Set next note patch register to n

chan n

Set next note channel register to n

chans

pop(n); Set next note channel register to n

loadn

Read default pitch register into v; push(v)

loady

Read default delay register into v; push(v)

loadv

Read default velocity register into v; push(v)

loadp

Read default pressure register into v; push(v)

loadd

Read default duration register into v; push(v)

loada

Read default patch register into v; push(v)

loadc

Read default channel register into v; push(v)

storens

pop(v); Write v into default pitch register

storeys

pop(v); Write v into default delay register

storevs

pop(v); Write v into default velocity register

storeds

pop(v); Write v into default duration register

storeps

pop(v); Write v into default pressure register

storeas

pop(v); Write v into default patch register

storecs

pop(v); Write v into default channel register

dups

pop(a); push(a); push(a);

nots

pop(a); push(not a)

negs

pop(a); push(-a);

incs

pop(a); push(a+1)

decs

pop(a); push(a-1)

adds

pop(b); pop(a); push(a+b)

subs

pop(b); pop(a); push(a-b)

muls

pop(b); pop(a); push(a*b)

divs

pop(b); pop(a); push(a/b)

mods

pop(b); pop(a); push(a mod b)

less

pop(b); pop(a); push(a<b)

gtrs

pop(b); pop(a); push(a>b)

ands

pop(b); pop(a); push(a and b)

ors

pop(b); pop(a); push(a or b)

eqs

pop(b); pop(a); push(a == b)

neqs

pop(b); pop(a); push(a <> b)

les

pop(b); pop(a); push(a <= b)

ges

pop(b); pop(a); push(a >= b)

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